Spring Boot i18n: Tutorial sa Setup ng Internationalization
I-configure ang MessageSource, gumawa ng locale-specific na properties file, i-resolve ang mga locale, at i-render ang multilinggwal na Thymeleaf template — pagkatapos ay i-automate ang mga pagsasalin gamit ang AI.
Magdagdag ng mga Dependency
Kasama na sa Spring Boot Starter Web ang MessageSource auto-configuration. Idagdag ang Thymeleaf para sa server-rendered na i18n template, at ang validation starter para sa localized na error message.
<!-- pom.xml — Spring Boot Starter Web includes MessageSource auto-config -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Thymeleaf for server-side rendered templates with i18n -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Validation (for localized error messages) -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
</dependency>I-configure ang MessageSource at LocaleResolver
Nilo-load ng MessageSource ng Spring ang mga pagsasalin mula sa mga .properties file gamit ang basename convention: messages.properties (default), messages_de.properties (German), messages_ja.properties (Japanese). I-configure ang LocaleResolver para matukoy kung aling locale ang gagamitin kada request.
Mga Translation File
# src/main/resources/messages.properties (default / English)
nav.home=Home
nav.about=About
nav.settings=Settings
greeting=Hello, {0}!
cart.itemCount={0,choice,0#No items|1#1 item|1<{0,number} items}
error.notFound=Page not found
error.serverError=Something went wrong. Please try again.Configuration ng MessageSource
import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.support.ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource;
import org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean;
@Configuration
public class I18nConfig {
@Bean
public MessageSource messageSource() {
ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource source =
new ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource();
source.setBasename("classpath:messages");
source.setDefaultEncoding("UTF-8");
source.setCacheSeconds(3600); // reload interval in dev
return source;
}
// Wire MessageSource into Bean Validation
@Bean
public LocalValidatorFactoryBean validator(MessageSource messageSource) {
LocalValidatorFactoryBean bean = new LocalValidatorFactoryBean();
bean.setValidationMessageSource(messageSource);
return bean;
}
}Pag-resolve ng Locale
I-configure kung paano tinutukoy ng Spring ang aktibong locale para sa bawat request. Pinananatili ng CookieLocaleResolver ang pinili ng user sa iba’t ibang session. Pinapahintulutan ng LocaleChangeInterceptor ang mga user na magpalit ng locale sa pamamagitan ng query parameter tulad ng ?lang=de.
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.CookieLocaleResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor;
import java.util.Locale;
@Configuration
public class LocaleConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Bean
public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
CookieLocaleResolver resolver = new CookieLocaleResolver("lang");
resolver.setDefaultLocale(Locale.ENGLISH);
resolver.setCookieMaxAge(3600 * 24 * 365); // 1 year
return resolver;
}
@Bean
public LocaleChangeInterceptor localeChangeInterceptor() {
LocaleChangeInterceptor interceptor = new LocaleChangeInterceptor();
interceptor.setParamName("lang"); // ?lang=de switches locale
return interceptor;
}
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(localeChangeInterceptor());
}
}Gamitin ang mga Pagsasalin sa Code
Maaaring i-access ang mga isinaling message sa mga controller sa pamamagitan ng MessageSource injection, sa mga Thymeleaf template gamit ang #{...} syntax, at sa mga REST API gamit ang auto-resolved na Locale parameter.
Controller na may MessageSource
import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import java.util.Locale;
@Controller
public class HomeController {
private final MessageSource messageSource;
public HomeController(MessageSource messageSource) {
this.messageSource = messageSource;
}
@GetMapping("/")
public String home(Model model, Locale locale) {
// Spring injects the resolved Locale automatically
String greeting = messageSource.getMessage(
"greeting",
new Object[]{"World"},
locale
);
model.addAttribute("greeting", greeting);
return "home";
}
}Mga Thymeleaf Template
Nire-resolve ng #{...} expression ng Thymeleaf ang mga message key mula sa inyong mga .properties file nang awtomatiko. Magpasa ng mga parameter gamit ang #{key(arg0, arg1)} syntax. Ginagamit ng template ang locale na ni-resolve ng inyong LocaleResolver.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<title th:text="#{nav.home}">Home</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Simple message lookup -->
<h1 th:text="#{greeting('World')}">Hello, World!</h1>
<!-- Navigation with i18n -->
<nav>
<a href="/" th:text="#{nav.home}">Home</a>
<a href="/about" th:text="#{nav.about}">About</a>
<a href="/settings" th:text="#{nav.settings}">Settings</a>
</nav>
<!-- Parameterized messages -->
<p th:text="#{cart.itemCount(3)}">3 items</p>
<!-- Language switcher -->
<div>
<a th:href="@{/(lang=en)}">English</a>
<a th:href="@{/(lang=de)}">Deutsch</a>
<a th:href="@{/(lang=ja)}">日本語</a>
</div>
<!-- Conditional text based on locale -->
<p th:if="${#locale.language == 'ja'}"
th:text="#{greeting('ユーザー')}">
こんにちは、ユーザーさん!
</p>
</body>
</html>Localization ng REST API
Para sa mga REST API, awtomatikong nire-resolve ng Spring ang Locale mula sa Accept-Language header. I-inject ito bilang method parameter at ipasa sa MessageSource. Nagpapalit ng wika ang mga client sa pamamagitan ng pagpapadala ng iba’t ibang Accept-Language header.
import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class ApiController {
private final MessageSource messageSource;
public ApiController(MessageSource messageSource) {
this.messageSource = messageSource;
}
@GetMapping("/greeting/{name}")
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> greeting(
@PathVariable String name,
Locale locale) { // Resolved from Accept-Language header
String msg = messageSource.getMessage(
"greeting", new Object[]{name}, locale
);
return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of("message", msg));
}
// curl -H "Accept-Language: de" localhost:8080/api/greeting/Max
// → {"message": "Hallo, Max!"}
}Mga Bean Validation Message
Awtomatikong nire-resolve ng Spring ang mga message ng validation constraint mula sa inyong MessageSource. Gumamit ng mga curly-brace placeholder tulad ng {validation.name.required} sa inyong constraint annotation, at ideklara ang mga pagsasalin sa inyong mga .properties file.
import jakarta.validation.constraints.*;
public class CreateUserRequest {
@NotBlank(message = "{validation.name.required}")
@Size(min = 2, max = 50, message = "{validation.name.size}")
private String name;
@Email(message = "{validation.email.invalid}")
private String email;
}
// In messages.properties:
// validation.name.required=Name is required
// validation.name.size=Name must be between {min} and {max} characters
// validation.email.invalid=Please enter a valid email address
//
// In messages_de.properties:
// validation.name.required=Name ist erforderlich
// validation.name.size=Name muss zwischen {min} und {max} Zeichen lang sein
// validation.email.invalid=Bitte geben Sie eine gültige E-Mail-Adresse einPangasiwaan ang Plural at Variable
Gumagamit ang Spring ng java.text.MessageFormat para sa interpolation at plural. Hinahawakan ng ChoiceFormat pattern ang mga basic plural rule, ngunit para sa full ICU plural support (6 na anyo ng Arabic, 3 ng Russian), idagdag ang ICU4J library.
# MessageFormat plural syntax in messages.properties
# Uses java.text.ChoiceFormat — NOT ICU plural rules
cart.itemCount={0,choice,0#No items|1#1 item|1<{0,number} items}
# For more complex plurals, use ICU4J:
# 1. Add dependency: com.ibm.icu:icu4j
# 2. Use ICUMessageSource instead of ResourceBundleMessageSource
#
# Then you can write ICU-style plurals:
# cart.items={count, plural, one {# item} other {# items}}
# Variables with MessageFormat:
welcome.message=Welcome, {0}! You have {1,number} new {1,choice,1#notification|1<notifications}.
order.total=Order total: {0,number,currency}
event.date=Event date: {0,date,long}I-automate ang Mga Pagsasalin
Kapag kumpleto na ang inyong i18n setup, isalin ang inyong mga .properties file gamit ang AI. Sa IDE ninyo, hilingin sa inyong AI assistant na isalin ang source file, o gamitin ang i18n Agent CLI sa inyong CI/CD pipeline.
# Translate your .properties files with AI
# In your IDE, ask your AI assistant:
> Translate src/main/resources/messages.properties to German, Japanese, and Spanish
✓ messages_de.properties created (1.2s)
✓ messages_ja.properties created (1.5s)
✓ messages_es.properties created (1.1s)
# Or use the CLI in CI/CD:
npx i18n-agent translate src/main/resources/messages.properties --lang de,ja,esI-automate ang Kalidad ng Pagsasalin
Zero-Config gamit ang spring-locale-chain
Ang spring-locale-chain ay isang open-source na Spring Boot starter na awtomatikong nagko-configure ng LocaleResolver, LocaleChangeInterceptor, at supported-locale validation sa iisang dependency. Itakda ang inyong mga sinusuportahang locale sa application.yml at ang library na ang bahala sa natitira.
<!-- Add spring-locale-chain for zero-config locale resolution -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.i18n-agent</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-locale-chain</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
</dependency>Inirerekomendang File Structure
my-spring-app/
├── src/main/
│ ├── java/com/example/
│ │ ├── config/
│ │ │ ├── I18nConfig.java # MessageSource bean
│ │ │ └── LocaleConfig.java # LocaleResolver + interceptor
│ │ ├── controller/
│ │ │ └── HomeController.java # Uses MessageSource
│ │ └── MyApplication.java
│ └── resources/
│ ├── messages.properties # Default (English)
│ ├── messages_de.properties # German
│ ├── messages_ja.properties # Japanese
│ ├── messages_es.properties # Spanish
│ ├── application.yml # Spring config
│ └── templates/
│ └── home.html # Thymeleaf with #{...}
├── pom.xml
└── build.gradleMga Karaniwang Pagkakamali
Nagpapakita ng Kalat ang Mga Non-ASCII Character
Pumapalya ang ChoiceFormat para sa Mga Plural na Hindi Ingles
Hindi Naia-apply ang Mga Pagbabago sa Pagsasalin
Hindi Inaasahang Pag-fallback sa JVM Locale
Subukan ang i18n Agent Ngayon
I-drop dito ang inyong translation file
JSON, YAML, PO, XML, CSV, Markdown, Properties
o i-click para mag-browse
Mga target language
Locale Fallback kasama ang spring-locale-chain
Kapag nawawala ang isang translation key sa isang regional locale tulad ng pt-BR, diretsong tumatalon ang Spring Boot sa default locale sa halip na suriin muna ang parent locale na pt.
<!-- Maven -->
<dependency>
<groupId>ai.i18nagent</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-locale-chain</artifactId>
</dependency># application.yml
locale-chain:
fallbacks:
pt-BR:
- pt
- en
zh-Hant-HK:
- zh-Hant
- zh
- enTingnan ang aming Locale Fallback Guide para sa buong listahan ng mga sinusuportahang framework at 75 built-in chain. Learn more →